Critical Review
Do Indexical Images Tell the Truth? “In both documentary and video journalism, the indexical power of cameras can be harnessed as weapons for truth and shine a light in the darkest of places.” — Sara Merican, Forbes, 24 Feb. 2021 During my childhood in the 1970s-1980s it was often said that a camera never lies. The assumption was that a photograph reliably recorded the subject matter as it was. Subsequently, image manipulation has become increasingly accessible, so that now anyone with a smartphone and a few apps can do it. The idea that a photograph is always true to life has rapidly become outdated. However, the appetite for objective photography remains, as evidenced by the quote above. In its introduction to Project 5: Photography 1, the OCA introduces “…the idea that a photograph is ‘indexical’, meaning that it has a direct physical relationship to its object. An image that is excessively manipulated is no longer, strictly speaking, ‘Indexical’”. They add that many new...